中文摘要：

为探讨土壤养分在剖面垂直方向上的分布与迁移规律，以便合理施肥，选取黑龙江省主要土壤类型研究其剖面养分特征。结果表明：黑龙江省大部分土壤pH为5．5～6．5，有机质和全氮北部地区含量略高于西部地区，显著高于东部地区。从剖面的分布看，各地区黑土的表层有机质含量都显著高于底层。土壤磷素在剖面间无明显变化规律，在地带分布上表现出从南至北逐渐增高的趋势。土壤钾素的分布没有明显的地带性规律，剖面间也无明显规律，但含量普遍偏高。

英文摘要：

In order to study the accumulation and distribution of nutrients in paddy field profile to provide ra- tional application of fertilizer, the main type of soil profile in Heilongjiang province was investigated. The re- sults showed that most of soil type in Heilongjiang province was acidic,the pFI was 5.5-6. 5. The content of organic matter and total N in Northern area was a little more than those in western area and much more than those in eastern area. The content of organic matter of black soil profile in surface layer was higher than that in bottom layer. The content of total P in each soil profile was not changed obviously and the distribution trend showed rose gradually from north to south. The distribution of torn K was higher than other regions and did not show obvious regional rule,the content in each profile had no obvious rule either.