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中文摘要：
突水灾害已成为危及隧道安全施工的重大问题,为了实现隧道突水灾变演化过程的监测和灾害预警,将电阻率层析成像法尝试引入到隧道突水的监测工作中,提出了一种基于图像灰度相关性理论的电阻率层析成像监测信息定量评价方法。首先,针对非地质缺陷类和地质缺陷类这两种典型的突水类型进行概化,得到了突水灾变演化过程不同阶段的地电模型,为隧道突水实时监测数值模拟奠定了基础。其次,采用有限单元法进行电阻率层析成像法突水实时监测数值模拟,揭示了电阻率图像对突水灾变演化过程的响应特征,通过对突水灾变演化过程电阻率图像灰度相关性的定量分析,发现相关性系数小于0.5（或0.3）的样本点数目大幅增多,且相关性分布和正演图像标准差急剧增大,是突水发生的重要前兆特征。最后,进行了隧道突水电阻率层析成像法实时监测模型试验,较准确地捕捉到了突水前兆信息,实现了突水灾害预警,表明电阻率层析成像法用于突水实时监测是可行的。
英文摘要：
Water inrush hazard has been a major issue that seriously imperils safe construction of tunnels.In order to achieve real-time monitoring of evolution process of water inrush and disaster warning,the electrical resistivity tomography（ERT） method is introduced for monitoring water inrush in the tunnels.A quantitative evaluation method of ERT is proposed based on the gray correlation theory to quantitatively describe the monitoring information of water inrush.First,the two typical kinds of water inrush hazards caused by geological defects and non-geological defects are generalized,and geoelectric models of different stages during the evolution process of water inrush are acquired,which lays a foundation for numerical forward of real-time monitoring of water inrush of tunnels.Then,the finite element method is adopted to carry out the numerical forward,and the response characteristics of water inrush evolution process are revealed.ERT gray correlation quantitative analysis of water inrush process is done.Sample points whose correlation coefficient is less than 0.5 or 0.3 greatly increase,and the standard deviations of correlation distribution and forward image dramatically increase,which are an important precursory pattern when water inrush happens.Finally,model tests on ERT of water inrush of tunnel are performed,and precursor information of water inrush is captured well and disaster early-warning of water inrush is realized,which shows it is feasible that ERT is applied to real-time monitoring.
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