中文摘要：

植物体细胞胚胎发生不仅可作为其繁育的重要手段,而且也是研究胚胎发育过程的一种重要模式系统.体细胞胚在形态和生理上的成熟,直接影响到植株的萌发和再生频率.本文综述了近年来国内外有关裸子植物中几种松杉类植物体细胞胚发育过程的研究报道,其中主要涉及培养基成分和脱落酸（ABA）对体细胞胚发育的影响,以及体细胞胚发育在细胞学、细胞程序性死亡、相关基因和蛋白质组学等方面的研究进展,并进一步讨论了松杉类植物体细胞胚的发育机理,以及体细胞胚在遗传转化系统中的作用.

英文摘要：

In plants, somatic embryogenesis can be employed as not only an important propagation measures but also an important model system for embryo development research. Morphological and physiological maturities of somatic cells directly affect plantlet germination and plantlet regeneration frequency. The paper summarizes research advances about the developments of somatic embryos in several conifers, which have appeared at home and abroad in recent years,mainly in the effects of medium components in tissue culture and ABA on the development of somatic embryos ,and cytology, programmed cell death, genes and protein composition related to the development of somatic embryos,and further discusses the developmental mechanisms of somatic embryos and the role of somatic embryos in genetic transformation system.