中文摘要：

以小麦品种石麦15（SM15）为对象,以牛粪为有机肥,设置不施氮肥、单施尿素、单施牛粪和有机无机肥配施4种施肥方式,研究不同施肥处理对冬小麦群体光合速率（CAP）、旗叶净光合速率（Pn）、叶面积指数（LAI）、叶绿素荧光参数及产量的影响.结果表明：无机肥主要作用于生育前期,小麦的CAP、Pn及LAI最高,其次为配施处理,单施有机肥处理最低.花后10 d开始,与单施尿素处理相比,有机肥和有机无机肥配施处理小麦衰老进程较缓慢,在灌浆中后期保持较高的抗氧化酶活性及较长的绿叶面积持续期,进而维持较高的光合物质生产能力.有机无机肥配施处理延缓效果更为明显,籽粒产量最高.可见,有机无机肥配施可以延缓灌浆中后期叶片衰老,维持合理的冠层结构,使小麦具有较强的光合性能,进而获得较高的籽粒产量.

英文摘要：

A field experiment was conducted using the winter wheat（ Triticum aestivum） variety Shimai 15. The source of organic nitrogen was cow manure,and four fertilization treatments were included,i. e.,no N fertilizer application,single application of urea,single application of cow manure,and mixed application of urea and cow manure. The effects of different applications of inorganic and organic nitrogen on canopy apparent photosynthesis（ CAP）,photosynthetic rate of flag leaves（ Pn）,leaf area index（ LAI）,florescence parameters and grain yield of winter wheat were determined. The results showed that urea had the largest effect on the early growth period,as at this stage the CAP,Pnand LAI of the single application of urea were the highest,which was followed by the mixed application and the single application of cow manure. However,10 days after anthesis,the single application of cow manure and the mixed application delayed the leaf senescence process when compared with the single application of urea. This could be due to the two treatments having higher anti-oxidant enzyme activity and promoting a longer green leaf duration,which could maintain a higher photosynthetic capability. What＇s more,the mixed application had a better performance and got the highest grain yield. Consequently,the mixed application of organic and inorganic fertilizers could delay leaf senescence and maintain a better canopy structure and higher photosynthesis capability at the late grain filling stage,which resulted in a higher grain yield.