中文摘要：

受外场试验条件的限制，相控阵天气雷达在测试过程中难以与用于对比的多普勒天气雷达保持相同位置，造成不同雷达之间的观测资料无法直接对比。为了较全面地分析该情况下相控阵天气雷达的探测能力，提出了针对不同地理位置不同分辨率的雷达反射率因子匹配方法和观测资料的定量对比方法。初步使用该方法对2010年5月21日的 S 波段相控阵天气雷达（S-PAR）与相距54 km 的南京新一代多普勒天气雷达（CINRAD／SA）观测资料进行了结构的对比及数值的分析。结果表明：（1）S-PAR 的回波结构与位置均较为合理，与 CINRAD／SA 相比反射率因子测量偏差很小，未受地物影响的径向速度较为接近，同时单波束发射4波束同时接收的扫描方式大大节约了扫描时间；（2）S-PAR 受宽波束的影响，100 km 外的回波出现了明显的平滑现象，难以探测到细微结构；（3）S-PAR 的灵敏度比 CINRAD／SA 差，100 km 处的最小可测反射率因子偏高16 dBz，通过相同灵敏度的模拟后发现 S-PAR 较差的灵敏度是造成回波结构差异的主要原因；（4）提出的经纬度匹配方法较好地将不同位置下的雷达资料对应起来，经纬度匹配后在垂直方向的不同处理方式得到的结果存在细微差异，基于采样体积的平均方法取得的效果最佳。

英文摘要：

It is difficult to compare phased array weather radar data with normal dish antenna Doppler weather radar data collected from different locations and under different test conditions.In order to determine the detection capability of a phased array weather radar,a reflectivity matching algorithm and a quantitative analysis method against the various radar resolution and different places are proposed. Using the S-band phased array radar （S-PAR）data and the Nanjing CINRAD observational data,the precipitation structures measured by the two radars are compared.The results indicate that：（1）S-PAR can make precipitation measurements with a reasonable accuracy and reduce the scanning time with its electronically steered multiple simultaneous beams.（2）At the range of 100 km,the smearing effect caused by the wide beam width is obvious：S-PAR can hardly detect the subtle structures.（3）The sensitivity of S-PAR is low-er,causing its minimum reflectivity factor to be 16 dBz higher than that of CINRAD/SA.And,（4）radar data in different locations can be matched very well with the proposed algorithm,and different vertical treatments after coordinate matching will produce nuanced re-sults,among which the smoothing algorithm based on sampling volume could achieve a best result.