介绍哈尔滨工业大学在内高压成形基础理论、关键技术及工业应用等方面取得的重要进展。在基础理论方面,利用平面应力屈服椭圆描述典型内高压成形过程中应力状态及壁厚变化趋势;揭示变径管内高压成形过程中壁厚分布规律以及多边形截面环向的壁厚分布特点;指明整形阶段圆角充填时存在极限圆角半径;发明了用于测量管材环向力学性能的管材环向拉伸实验方法。在工艺关键技术方面,针对航空航天领域对大直径薄壁复杂管件的需求,发明了Y型薄壁三通管两步成形方法、双层管充液弯曲方法,试制出超薄Y型三通管、整体不锈钢进气道及弯管零件。在工业应用方面,研制了合模力最大达55 MN的工业生产用大型内高压成形机,并成功地用于轿车底盘零件大批量生产。
Important progresses and achievements in fundamental theory,key processes and industrial applications of tube hydroforming realized in engineering research center of hydroforming/harbin institute of technology(ERCH/HIT) were introduced.Typical stress states in tube hydroforming process and the corresponding thickness changing tendency were given on the plane stress yield loci.Thickness changes along the axial direction of tubular part with changeable diameters and the hoop direction of tubular part with rectangular cross-section were given.The concept of limited corner radius in calibration process was proposed and analyzed.Ring hoop tension test was proposed to evaluate the mechanical properties of tube along hoop direction.Multi-step method for the forming of thin Y-shaped branch tube,and double-layered hydro-bending method for the forming of thin-walled bent tubular part were proposed.Ultra-thin Y-shaped branch tube,integral stainless steel tube,and bent tubular part for aerospace application were manufactured.Hydroforming machine of 55 MN maximal closing force was developed.Typical parts for automotive industry,such as engine cradle,front beam holder and torsion beam,were manufactured.