水平基因转移现象的发现揭示出生物进化的另一条途径,并引发研究人员对生物进化描述方式进行更多的思考和讨论.目前普遍认为,水平基因转移在原核生物和单细胞真核生物中发生较为频繁,并且是二者进化的重要动力,但在多细胞真核生物中,其发生范围及进化意义尚存争议.本文列举原核生物、单细胞真核生物以及多细胞真核生物3个重要类群(动物、植物、真菌)中已被报道的部分研究实例,分析水平基因转移在这些类群进化过程中的作用及其产生的影响.此外,还简要地介绍了目前水平基因转移常用的检测手段、可能的发生机制以及其发生的倾向性,并对未来多细胞真核生物水平基因转移事例的发现作出预测.
The discovery of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) has challenged the Darwinian "tree of life" concept and, at the same time, has provided new insights into biological evolution. HGT is not only frequent in prokaryotes and unicellular eukaryotes, but also occurs in multicellular eukaryotes. In this article, we review the occurrence and evolutionary significance of HGT in the three major groups of multicellular eukaryotes (animals, plants, and fungi). We also briefly discuss HGT detection methods and possible transfer mechanisms, and offer some predictions about the overall trend of HGT occurrence in multicellular eukaryotes.