中文摘要：

【目的】本实验旨在明确3个低浓度高效氯氟氰菊酯对西方蜜蜂Apis mellifera生存能力与学习记忆的影响,为蜂群的健康养殖及深入研究蜜蜂发生蜂群崩溃失调病（colony collapse disorder,CCD）现象机理提供一定的理论参考。【方法】通过点滴法分别给刚羽化蜜蜂背部点滴不同剂量（1/2 LD50,1/4 LD50和1/8 LD50）的高效氯氟氰菊酯（以点滴纯丙酮为溶剂对照）,并进行笼养,记录各组蜜蜂每天死亡情况;药物处理后第7天,利用吻伸反应（proboscis extension response,PER）方法测定不同浓度高效氯氟氰菊酯对西方蜜蜂工蜂学习记忆能力的影响。将刚羽化的蜜蜂用不同剂量高效氯氟氰菊酯处理后放入原始蜂群,20 d后采集氯氟氰菊酯处理后的20日龄工蜂,对其定距离放飞归巢能力进行检测,采用实时定量PCR对记忆相关基因谷氨酸受体基因（GluRA）和N-甲基-D天冬氨酸受体基因（Nmdar1）的相对表达量进行检测。【结果】1/2 LD50组工蜂的平均寿命显著低于1/4 LD50组、1/8 LD50组和对照组（P〈0.05）,而后三者之间差异不显著（P〉0.05）。1/2LD50组工蜂PER成功率也显著低于1/4 LD50组、1/8 LD50组和对照组（P〈0.05）,后三者之间差异也不显著（P〉0.05）。1/8 LD50组和对照组蜜蜂在1 000 m处的归巢率显著高于1/2 LD50组和1/4LD50组（P〈0.05）,但1/2 LD50组与1/4 LD50组以及1/8 LD50与对照组之间差异不显著（P〉0.05）。1/8 LD50组和对照组工蜂的GluRA基因表达量显著高于1/2 LD50组和1/4 LD50组（P〈0.05）,而且1/4 LD50组工蜂的GluRA基因表达量也显著高于1/2 LD50组（P〈0.05）,但1/8 LD50组与对照组工蜂的GluRA基因表达量差异不显著（P〉0.05）;1/4 LD50组、1/8 LD50组和对照组工蜂的Nmdar1基因相对表达量均显著高于1/2 LD50组（P〈0.05）,但前三者之间差异不显著（P〉0.05）。【结论】高效氯氟氰菊酯对西方蜜蜂的生存能力和记忆行为特性

英文摘要：

【Aim】This study aims to determine the effects of three low doses of lambda-cyhalothrin on the viability,learning and memory of the western honey bee,Apis mellifera,so as to provide theoretical reference for healthy breeding of bee colony and further research on the mechanisms of colony collapse disorder（ CCD） phenomenon in bees. 【Methods】Lambda-cyhalothrin at various doses（ 1 /2 LD50,1 /4LD50 and 1 /8 LD50） was dripped on the backs of newly emerged bees of A. mellifera through the drop method,respectively,and those dripped with pure acetone were treated as the control group. Bees werecultured in cages after treatment and the mortality rates in various groups were recorded daily. Effects of various doses of lambda-cyhalothrin on the learning and memory ability of worker bees were determined through proboscis extension response（ PER） at 7 d after treatment. The newly emerged bees treated with different doses of lambda-cyhalothrin were put into the original bee colonies,and their homing ability was determined at 20 d after treatment. The relative expression levels of learning and memory related genes including glutamate receptor gene（ GluRA） and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor gene（ Nmdar1） in 20-day-old worker bees were assayed using real-time quantitative PCR. 【Results】The results showed that the average life span of worker bees in the 1 /2 LD50 group was significantly lower than those in the 1 /4LD50 group,the 1 /8 LD50 group and the control group,while there was no significant difference among the latter three groups. The success rate of PER of worker bees in the 1 /2 LD50 group was significantly lower than those in the 1 /4 LD50 group,the 1 /8 LD50 group and the control group,while there was no significant difference among the latter three groups either（ P〉0. 05）. The homing rates at 1 000 m in the 1 /8 LD50 group and the control group were significantly higher than those in the 1 /2 LD50 and 1 /4LD50groups（ P〈0. 05）,but there was no significant differences between the