中文摘要：

国际河流跨境洪灾防治复杂，须要求流域各国进行有效合作。但合作特征因流域而有所差异。国际河流防洪合作协议能反映出国际河流跨境洪灾防治合作特征及发展趋势，因此，以跨界淡水资源每端数据库（TFDD）中国际河流防洪合作协议作为样本。对协议文本进行内容分析，从合作主体数璧、台作目标专业性与合作模式层次等方面来揭示国际河流跨境洪灾防治合作广度、深度及紧密度的特征与演进趋势。研究表明．国际河流跨境防洪合作在广度、深度与紧密度等方面有值得关注的特征和发展趋势：①就合作广度而言，不同于国际河流水资源一般性合作的主要趋势，跨境洪灾防治以双边合作为主；（2）就合作深度而言，跨境洪灾防治合作的目标逐步明晰，专业性不断提升；②就合作紧密度而言，高度合作模式是跨境防洪合作的主流；界河流域国更倾向于高合作模式，跨界河流流域国则更多选择低合作模式。目前，我国国际河流跨境防洪合作特征与国际整体发展趋势相符，但应关注在东北、西北和西南等地区国际河流防洪合作策昭的差异。在东北地区，国际河流洪灾防治合作已成熟，应蓿眼于合作深度的强化。在西北地区。应重点防治融雪型、融雪叠加暴雨型洪水，同时，启动汛期流域联席会议或临时防洪小组。提高防洪合作的灵活性、应急性与协同性。在西南地区，应将合作目标定位于扶持下游园涉洪基础设施建设。逐步探索多边高层次合作。尤其是在湄公河流域，明确不同合作机制的层次与功能，规范不同合作机制的范围与领域，合理控制合作广度，减少“机制拥堵”。

英文摘要：

International rivers＇ cross-border flood prevention is complicated, which requires the effective cooperation among riparian countries. However, the cooperation characters differ among fiver basins. The cooperation agreements about international rivers flood prevention can reflect the cooperation characters and development trends of cross-border flood prevention; therefore, the paper takes instance of the international rivers＇ flood prevention cooperation protocols from Transboundary Freshwater Disputes Database （TFDD） to analyze the documents, revealing the characters and evolution trends of breadth, depth and close degree of international rivers＇ cross- border flood prevention cooperation from the amount of cooperation main bodies, professionality of cooperation targets and levels of cooperation modes. The research demonstrates that there are some notable characters and development trends in breadth, depth and closeness of international rivers＇ cross-border flood prevention cooperation ： （1）Bilateral cooperation has occupied a dominant position in cross-border flood prevention cooperation different from the general trend of the international rivers water resources with respect to breadth. （2） The goal becomes more clear with increasing professionalisation in cross-border flood prevention cooperation in term of breadth. （3） High level mode is the main selection with regard to closeness. Riparian nations in boundary rivers tend to select the high level mode, and riparian nations of cross-border rivers are inclined to select the low level mode. China＇ international rivers＇ cross- border flood prevention cooperation characters match the whole world＇ s trends, but we should pay attention to the differences among the international rivers＇ cross-border flood prevention cooperation strategies in northeast, northwest and southwest regions. In northeast, we should focus on strengthening the cooperation＇ s depth in the context of mature international rivers＇ cross-border flood preventi