中文摘要：

作为一种新型的有机功能染料，方酸染料正引起化学界的极大兴趣。由于其特殊的D—A-D结构，方酸染料在可见一近红外区有强烈的吸收和荧光发射，因而越来越多地被应用在离子检测中。本文综述了近期方酸染料化学传感器的发展和应用，分别介绍了方酸染料在阳离子识别和阴离子识别中的分子设计、作用机理及应用，重点综述了方酸染料对汞、铜和锌等重金属离子的识别，以及对碱金属、碱土金属离子的识别作用，并展望了该领域的发展前景。

英文摘要：

As a class of novel organic functional dye, squaraine dyes and their derivatives are gaining significant interest in the field of chemistry. Due to the unique D-A-D structure and the strong absorption and emission characters in the visible and near infrared region, squaraine has been used as the chemosensor in the ion recognition. This article covers the most recent studies in the development and application of squaraine dye-based chemosensors. The molecule design, recognition mechanism and application in both cation and anion recognition has been introduced. The recognizing process of heavy metal ions such as Hg2＋ ,Cu2＋ and Zn2＋, as well as alkali metal ions and alkali earth metal ions, have been mainly reviewed. Moreover, the developing prospect for the further research has been expected.