中文摘要：

【目的】研究抛秧物理立苗对水稻生育的影响及其调控因素,探讨提高物理立苗的技术指标,为改善生产上抛秧群体起点质量提供理论依据。【方法】通过设置直立苗、倾斜苗、平躺苗3种物理立苗姿态,研究不同物理立苗状况对抛秧稻生育的影响,从整地、抛栽高度、水层深度、不同球土比例等方面试验,探讨抛秧物理立苗的调控因素。【结果】直立苗在抛后活棵快,各生育阶段干物重、N素吸收、光合势、净同化率、抗倒性、产量上都高于倾斜苗,并显著高于平躺苗;在土壤5—6cm呈烂糊状,抛高为3m时,直立苗率最高,达81%;随着抛栽时水层深度的增加,直立苗比例逐渐减少;对苗高而言,宜控制在10—16cm,适当选择孔大的塑盘,抛后的直立苗比例超过70%。【结论】直立秧苗各阶段生育状况好于倾斜苗和平躺苗,显著好于平躺苗。提高直立苗比例,可有效促进抛秧高产的形成。土壤5—6cm烂糊,采用矮壮苗,适当提高球土比例,抛高3—4m条件下,立苗效果好。

英文摘要：

Objective To provide a theoretical basis for improving the population starting point quality of broadcasted rice,the effects of different postures on broadcasted rice and their regulating factors were studied in this experiment.Method The effects of different postures on broadcasted rice were studied by preparing the upright seedlings,the leaning seedlings and the laying seedlings and the regulating factors of physical standing of broadcasted seedlings under the conditions involving soil preparations,broadcasting height,water depth and different soil ball rates were investigated.Result Standing and establishment of the upright seedlings came earlier than the leaning seedlings and the laying seedlings,and the upright seedlings＇ biomass,N accumulation,net assimilation rate,lodging resistance and harvest yield were higher than that of the and the seedlings laying seedlings.The rate of the upright seedlings was the highest under the conditions that the soil of top 5-6 cm was soft and the broadcasting height was 3 m,which was 81%.The rate of the upright seedlings decreased gradually as water depth increased.The plastic trays with bigger hole should be chosen moderately for raising seedling and the height of seedling should be controlled at 10-16 cm when broadcasting.Conclusion The upright seedlings＇ growth status at different stages was better than the leaning seedlings and the laying seedlings,and significantly better than the laying seedlings.Increasing the rate of upright seedlings resulted in the high yield of broadcasted rice effectively.Under the conditions that the soil at the depth of top 5-6 cm was soft,the broadcasting seedlings were low and broadcasting height was from 3 to 4 m,it would have the best seedling standing.