中文摘要：

为更加深入和全面了解煤的大分子结构特征及其随煤化作用的演化过程，采用X射线衍射（XRD)方法对不同煤阶的煤样进行大分子结构主要参数的测试分析。结果表明，每一个煤化作用跃变点都有相应的XRD参数变化与之对应，煤的变质演化过程实质上是其大分子结构的演化过程，该过程受芳构化作用、缩合作用与聚合作用的影响，这些作用使得煤中的类石墨微晶经历了从无到有、从小到大、从无序到有序的过程，且这种变化是由渐变到突变。

英文摘要：

In order to make a deep and comprehensive understanding of coal macromolecular structure characteristic and its evolutionary process with coalification, the X-ray diffraction ( XRD ) test method is used to analyze the main index of coal macromolecular structure with different ranks. The result shows that corresponding XRD parameters exist in every coalification jump step, and the essence of coal evolutionary process is its macromolecular evolutionary process which is influenced by aromatization, condensation and polymerization. These functions make the graphite crystallite in the coal experience from scratch,from small to large,from disorder to order,and this process is from gradual change to mutation.