中文摘要：

为了解小麦氮素吸收效率与土壤微生物及酶活性的关系,给小麦品种选育和合理施氮提供参考,通过大田试验,比较分析了氮素吸收效率不同的四个冬小麦品种（豫麦49-198、矮早8、偃展4110和衡观35）根际土壤氮素转化微生物及酶活性的动态变化。结果表明,氮吸收效率在偃展4110与衡观35间、豫麦49-198与矮早8间均无显著差异,但前两个品种显著低于后两个品种。不同氮吸收效率冬小麦品种根际土壤微生物活性及酶活性不同。随生育时期的推进,四个品种的硝化细菌活性均呈先降后升再降的趋势,其中氮吸收效率低的品种（偃展4110和衡观35）的硝化细菌活性在拔节期至花后15d大于高氮吸收效率品种（豫麦49-198和矮早8）;氨化细菌活性在拔节期至花后15d无显著变化,至成熟期活性迅速升高,品种间无显著性差异;反硝化细菌活性在整个测定时期均表现为低氮吸收效率品种大于高氮吸收效率品种;各品种脲酶活性均在拔节期最高,且此时高氮吸收效率品种大于低氮吸收效率品种;蛋白酶活性均在花后15d最高,拔节至开花期低氮吸收效率品种蛋白酶活性小于高氮吸收效率品种。

英文摘要：

A field experiment was carried out with different winter wheat varieties of Yumai 49-198, Aizao 8, Yanzhan 4110 and Hengguan 35 to study the dynamic changes of nitrogen transformation mi- croorganism and enzyme activity in rhizosphere soil of winter wheat. The results showed that the ni trogen uptake efficiency of wheat varieties of Yumai 49-198 and Aizao 8, were significantly higher than that of Yanzhan 4110 and Hengguan 35. The activity of nitrogen transformation microorganism and enzyme in rhizosphere soil were different for different wheat varieties. From jointing stage to 15 days after anthesis, the nitrification activity of Yanzhan 4110 and Hengguan 35 were higher than that of the two varieties of Yumai 49-198 and Aizao 8 with high nitrogen uptake efficiency. There were no significant change in ammonifieation activity from jointing stage to 15 days after anthesis, which in- creased rapidly at the maturation stage, but there was no significant difference among the 4 wheat va-rieties. The denitrification activity of the varieties with low nitrogen uptake efficiency were higher than those with high nitrogen uptake efficiency throughout the experiment time. The urease activity peaked at jointing stage for all the varieties, and that of varieties with high nitrogen uptake efficiency were higher than the varieties with low nitrogen uptake efficiency at this stage. The peak of protease activity was at 15 days after anthesis, the protease activity of the varieties with low nitrogen uptake efficiency was lower than that of the varieties with high nitrogen uptake efficiency.