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中文摘要：
分析了虚拟电厂（virtual power plant,VPP）同时参与双边合同市场、日前市场（day-ahead market,DAM）、实时市场（real-time market,RTM）和平衡市场的三阶段竞标流程,并以此为依据建立了同时参与多类电力市场情况下计及电动汽车（electric vehicle,EV）和需求响应（demand response,DR）的VPP三阶段竞标模型,该模型考虑单辆EV的充放电管理,并将DR分为基于价格DR和基于激励DR。阶段1,VPP于日前签订双边合同并提交DAM竞标策略;阶段2,VPP逐个时段提交交易日RTM竞标策略;阶段3,VPP完成电量交易,平衡市场负责消纳可再生能源出力偏差量并向VPP收取费用。仿真算例验证了所构模型的有效性,结果表明：该模型能实现单辆EV和DR的有效控制,并有效降低VPP的运营成本。
英文摘要：
A three-stage bidding process of virtual power plant （VPP） for participating in bilateral contract market, day-ahead market （DAM）, real-time market （RTM） and balancing market was presented and a three-phase VPP bidding model consisting of electric vehicle （EV） and demand response （DR） was established. In this model, charging and discharging management for each EV was considered and DR was divided into price-based and incentive-based DRs. In the first stage, bilateral contract is signed and DAM bidding strategy is decided. In the second stage, RTM bidding strategy for each hour of day is decided. In the third stage, output deviation of renewable energy is balanced by balancing market and VPP is charged for it. Simulation results showed that in this model individual EV and DR were controlled effectively and VPP cost was reduced.
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