中文摘要：

学习是调查在可见性，主要空气污染物质和日报之间的协会的目的在上海医院承认数，中国。在 2005-2008 期间的医院承认，可见性，和空气污染上的方法每日的数据从上海保险被获得局(SHIB ) ，上海气象学的局，和上海环境监视中心分别地。有惩罚花键的概括添加剂模型(鲸鱼群) 被用来检验在每日的可见性和医院承认之间的协会。在各种各样的污染物质之中的结果， PM2.5 与可见性显示出最强壮的关联。减少的可见性显著地在上海与医院承认的增加的风险被联系。内部方照的范围减少在 2 天(L01 ) 可见性的动人的一般水准对应于 3.66%(95%CI：1.02% ， 6.31%) ， 4.06%(95%CI：0.84% ， 7.27%) ，并且 4.32%(95%CI：1.67% ， 6.97%) 分别地全部、心血管、呼吸的住院增加。我们的分析在中国提供第一条证据的结论，证明减少的可见性在医院承认，并且这发现上有效果为进一步在上海限制空气污染层次加强基本原理。

英文摘要：

Objective The study is to investigate the associations between visibility, major air pollutants and daily counts of hospital admission in Shanghai, China. Methods Daily data on hospital admission, visibility, and air pollution during 2005‐2008 were obtained from the Shanghai Insurance Bureau （SHIB）, Shanghai Meteorological Bureau, and Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, respectively. The generalized additive model （GAM） with penalized splines was used to examine the associations between daily visibility and hospital admission. Results Among various pollutants, PM 2.5 showed strongest correlation with visibility. Decreased visibility was significantly associated with increased risk of hospital admission in Shanghai. An inter‐quartile range decrease in the 2‐day （L01） moving average of visibility corresponded to 3.66% （95%CI： 1.02%, 6.31%）, 4.06% （95%CI： 0.84%, 7.27%）, and 4.32% （95%CI： 1.67%, 6.97%） increase of total, cardiovascular, and respiratory hospitalizations, respectively. Conclusion Our analyses provide the first piece of evidence in China, demonstrating that decreased visibility has an effect on hospital admission, and this finding strengthens the rationale for further limiting air pollution levels in Shanghai.