中文摘要：

通过对常压下9%（ω）TBAB溶液降温生成水合物晶体的过程进行观察,以过冷度作为生长驱动力,研究了TBAB水合物晶体的生长特性.TBAB水合物刚形成时,晶体呈高透光度及规则柱体外形,随晶体继续生长逐渐变得不规则,透光度下降.当恒温浴的过冷度分别为6.0,8.1和9.6K时,水合物晶体长度/宽度方向生长时间依次为183min/140min,85min/65min,70min/37min,同时反应前的等待时间即生成时间分别为83,53和55min.生长时间和生成时间随过冷度增加逐渐降低,幅度逐渐减小,表明过冷度增加能有效减少水合反应时间,促进水合物的快速生成.过冷度增加会增加TBAB水合物晶体成核数量,因此晶体与溶液的总体接触面积增加,有利于水合物的快速形成.

英文摘要：

The formation and growth process of clathrate hydrate crystals in 9%（w） tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide（TBAB） solution at atmospheric pressure was visually observed,and supercooling was employed as the driving force to investigate the growth characteristics of TBAB clathrate hydrate.At the beginning of the formation,the crystals with high transmittance showed regular columnar shapes,and then grew into the ones with low transmittance and irregular columnar shapes.When the supercooling was 6.0,8.1 and 9.6 K,the growth time of crystals in the length/width directions was 183 min/140 min,85 min/65 min,and 70 min/37 min,respectively.Moreover,the waiting time before reaction start was 83 min,53 min and 55 min,implying that large supercooling could shorten the reaction time and accelerate the formation of TBAB clathrate hydrate.With the increase of supercooling,the amount of hydrate crystal nucleation increased,resulting in the increase of the total contact area between crystals with solution,which is beneficial to the fast formation of TBAB clathrate hydrate.