中文摘要：

本文简要论述了2010-2015年间,我国濒危哺乳动物主要类群（食肉类、灵长类、有蹄类和鲸类）的保护生物学研究进展,涉及进化保护生物学、保护生态学、保护行为学、保护生理学、保护遗传学、保护基因组学与宏基因组学和保护政策建议与实践等诸多领域。我国科学家在以大熊猫和金丝猴为代表的濒危动物保护生物学研究中成绩显著。多项研究表明,大熊猫并非是一个已走到“进化尽头”的物种,仍具进化潜力。虽然大熊猫仍然面临栖息地破碎等环境问题,总的来看其种群数量在逐渐增长,栖息地面积在逐渐扩大,已走出困境并脱离“濒危”的状态,可考虑降为“易危”。我国大熊猫的保护为世界生物多样性保护树立了成功的范例。根据国内研究进展和国际发展动态,该文还对未来保护生物学的研究提出了一些建议,包括加强长期定点监测与系统性的研究工作,加强新理论、新方法和新技术的研发及应用,加强宏微观研究手段的结合从机制上揭示科学问题,加强动物对食物、高原极端环境和水生生态环境的适应性进化分子机制的揭示,加强理论与实践相结合积极推动研究成果的应用,为濒危动物的有效保护保驾护航。

英文摘要：

Research progress achieved by Chinese scientists in conservation biology of endangered mammals （ e. g. carni- vores, primates, ungulates and cetaceans） from 2010- 2015 was reviewed. This research is mainly related to different branches of conservation biology, such as evolutionary biology, ecology, behavior, physiology, genetics, genomics and me- ta-genomics, as well as policy and practices. The remarkable research achievements have been made in conservation biolo- gy of endangered mammals in China, especially for giant pandas and golden monkeys. Evidence from muhidisciplinary re- search indicated that the giant panda is not an evolutionary cul-de-sac, and has remaining evolutionary potential. Although the panda is facing environmental problems such as habitat fragmentation, its population is growing and available habitat is expanding. It turned out that its Red List Category could be downlisted from ＂Endangered＂ to ＂Vulnerable＂. This makes giant panda conservation by Chinese Government a successful showcase of world biodiversity conservation. Based on this re- view, suggestions for future research priorities were also proposed, such as enhancing long-term monitoring and systemic re- search, reinforcing studies and applications of new theories, methods and technologies, integrating the micro- and macro- studies to reveal scientific questions mechanisms, investigating the molecular mechanisms of animals＇ adaptations to food, and to plateau and aquatic environments through the whole-genome scanning, and promoting applications of research a- chievements to enhance the effective conservation of endangered species.