中文摘要：

国内外政策描述规范方面的研究，主要有四个流派：KAoS、Rei、Ponder和PRAL。首先对这几个流派进行了详细的介绍，利用举例的方式阐述它们政策的表示方法、政策类型，同时概括介绍了它们的政策冲突发现和解决方法。按照政策表达、政策类型、政策冲突解决和政策的制定工具这几个角度对四个流派进行分析和比较，指出它们各自的优势与不足。最后，总结分析了当前研究的特点和不足，指出了未来的研究方向。

英文摘要：

The mainstream of research on policy description specification in the world includes KAoS, Rei, Ponder and PRAL. Firstly, introduced these specifications in detail and sequence, by illustrating their expressing way. Meanwhile, this paper briefly introduced the strategy of policy conflict detection and resolution. Then, according to the angles of policy descrip- tion, policy types, policy conflict resolutions and policy tools, compared these four genres and showing their strengths and lim- itations. At last, summarizing the characteristic and flaw of currently research, proposed the future research direction.