中文摘要：

选取产粮区玉米、水稻和小麦三种作物,在考虑农业水污染的情况下,利用能够弥补决策单元（decision making unit,DMU）数量相对不足的窗式DEA（data envelopment analysis）方法探究产粮区2003-2012年三种作物用水效率及其决定因素。结果表明：三种粮食作物生产用水效率随着时间的推移均有所提高,但明显低于各自的技术效率;用水效率从高至低依次为玉米、小麦和水稻,而技术效率则依次为水稻、玉米和小麦;粮食主产省用水效率均比非粮食主产省高;长期偏低的农业水价并未真正反映水资源的经济价值。依据以上情况,提出产粮区应通过引入先进农业灌溉设备与技术,并根据产粮区粮食生产与环境特点制定适宜的水价机制来提高用水效率。

英文摘要：

Applying the DEA （data envelopment analysis） window analysis method which makes up for the insufficient number of decision making units （DMUs）, this paper selects corn, rice, and wheat in grain-producing regions to investigate the water utilization efficiency and its influencing factors between 2003 and 2012. Results show that the water utilization efficiency has been improved a lot over time, but much lower than the improvement of technical efficiency. The water utilization efficiencies are different among the three selected crops, with corn the highest, rice the lowest, and wheat in between. While the technical efficiencies show different order, with rice the highest, wheat the lowest, and corn in between. In addition, the water utilization efficiency in major grain-producing provinces is higher than that in non-major grain-producing provinces. And the lower price of agriculture water doesn＇ t really reflect its economic value. Based on the above analysis results, it is suggested that grain-producing regions should introduce advanced equipment and irrigation technology in addition to formulating appropriate pricing mechanism on the basis of the characteristics of local crops and environment to improve the water utilization efficiency.