中文摘要：

自晚清始,乡村建设问题一直在中国社会历史中占据着举足轻重的位置.尽管晚清的精英们对乡村社会的建设与改良做出了积极而且有益的探索,但限于种种原因,都存在着或多或少的缺陷,最后几乎无一例外的以失败告终.今日的农村建设与民国新乡村运动有着内在的历史渊源.当下城市化背景下的农村建设在物质建设丰富繁荣的同时,如果失去了文化自觉和传统精神,最终会劳而无功,甚至与初衷背道而驰.在现代化的工业社会背景下,重提新乡村建设运动,溯本清源,让精英回归,通过逆城市化来承继传统、弘扬文化,是一个可探讨的选择.

英文摘要：

Since the late Qing Dynasty, the rural construction has played a decisive role in the history of Chinese society. Al- though the late Qing Dynasty elites have made a great beneficial exploration in construction and improvement of rural society, there are some degrees of defect for various reasons. Only rich material construction will toil with no gain, if the loss of cultural consciousness and the spirit of traditional city construction, even with the original draw further apart. In the modern industrial so- ciety, it is a good selection to regain the rural construction, trace back the origin, return to tradition, or carry forward the culture through the inverse city.