中文摘要：

地球生物圈75%以上的环境温度常年低于5℃,在这种低温环境中栖息着多种适应低温的微生物。在长期进化过程中低温微生物从细胞到分子水平形成一套独特的低温环境适应机制,而通过增加细胞膜膜脂中多不饱和脂肪酸含量来维持低温条件下最佳的细胞膜流动性是其中的一种。从多不饱和脂肪酸对微生物低温生长、细胞膜流动性细胞膜蛋白的组成和表达水平的影响来探讨多不饱和脂肪酸与微生物低温适应性的关系,总结多不饱和脂肪酸低温合成调节机制的研究进展,为相关的基础和应用开发研究提供参考。

英文摘要：

Over 75% of the Earth’s biosphere experiences temperatures of less than 5 ℃ throughout the year,where various low-temperature adapted microorganisms inhabit.Due to long-term natural selection,these microorganisms have evolved some adaptive mechanisms at cellular and molecular levels to adapt to their living environments.One of the mechanisms is to increase polyunsaturated fatty acid content of membrane lipids to maintain optimum membrane fluidity at low temperatures.Based on the effects of polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis on microbial growth,the membrane fluidity and composition and expression levels of membrane proteins,this paper discusses the contribution of polyunsaturated fatty acids to the cold adaptation of microorganisms and summarize the research progress in the regulatory mechanisms of polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis at low temperatures,providing a reference for relevant fundamental and application research in this field.