中文摘要：

人口空间分布具有尺度特征,从乡镇街道尺度研究自然因素对城市人口空间格局的影响有利于得出更精细的结果,并为城市人口合理布局和规划提供科学依据。论文利用第五、六次人口普查乡镇街道数据,分析北京市人口空间格局特征,利用地理探测器研究自然因素对人口分布的影响。研究表明：1）自然因素对不同类型人口空间格局影响具有差异性。对常住人口作用强度由大到小的自然因素分别是适宜建设用地面积、地形起伏度、坡度、海拔高程和河网密度,对外来人口作用力由大到小的自然因素分别是地形起伏度、适宜建设用地面积、坡度、海拔高程和河网密度;2）自然因素对不同地区人口空间格局影响具有差异性。除适宜建设用地面积外,坡度和河网密度分别对六环内、外区域人口密度影响较大。高程和地形起伏度对六环外人口格局作用力高于六环内地区;3）两类自然因素叠加对人口密度作用的强化方式体现为因素相互协同或因素作用力非线性增加。5类自然因素对人口密度的影响力交互作用探测值为1,各类自然因素对城市人口空间格局的影响力协同增强。

英文摘要：

The spatial distribution of population presents different features as the scale varies.Studies on the effect of natural resources on urban population distribution on the scale of street and township could provide more precise results. This research aims to provide a scientific foundation for reasonable population distribution arrangement and urban planning. Based on the data of the fifth population census and the sixth population census in Beijing on the scale of street and township, this paper analyzed the features of both the permanent residents distribution and the floating population distribution in Beijing by exploration of spatial data analysis with Arc GIS. The geographical detector was used to explore the effect of various zonal natural factors on the population distribution. The natural factors in our analysis which have been proved to influence the population distribution include the altitude, slope, relief degree of land surface, water system density, and suitable construction land. The results showed that： 1） The natural factors have different impacts on permanent residents and floating population distribution. The natural resources having effects on the permanent residents density were the suitable construction land（0.336）, the relief degree of land surface（0.236）, the slope（0.230）, the altitude（0.182）, and water system density（0.145） in descending order according to factor dictator of geographical detector.And the natural factors having impacts on the floating population density were the relief degree of land surface（0.260）, the suitable construction land（0.246）, the slope（0.227）, altitude（0.197）, and water system density（0.111） in descending order. 2） The natural factors had different impacts on the spatial pattern of population in different regions. For the regions both inside and outside the sixth express way loop, the suitable construction land was the most decisive natural influential factor. Besides the suitable construction land, the slope（0.191