中文摘要：

裂缝是影响致密砂岩储层高产及稳产的关键。在对国内外该类储层裂缝研究现状系统调研及近期成果全面分析的基础上，深入分析了裂缝的类型及形成机理。分别从地质、测井、地震及实验等方面详细论述了致密砂岩储层裂缝的识别方法；基于野外露头、岩心及薄片观察、构造曲率、常规及特殊测井等方法可以获得储层裂缝密度、张开度、产状、组系及方向等主要特征参数；地质分析、构造曲率估算、纵波各向异性分析、地震相干体及倾角非连续性裂缝检测、构造应力场模拟等是裂缝分布预测的有效技术方法。综合分析认为，目前对国内海相和海陆过渡相煤系地层中的致密砂岩储层裂缝研究相对较少；尚未形成一套针对各类型沉积相及构造演化背景条件下的致密砂岩储层裂缝识别的有效方法及标准参数体系；对致密储层裂缝差异充填机制及微裂缝定量识别与表征缺少系统研究；地震裂缝识别的精度不高。指出各类裂缝研究方法相互结合、裂缝识别标准与参数体系建立、微裂缝研究、裂缝发育程度与主控因素间定量关系分析、提高地震预测裂缝的分辨率、水力缝与天然裂缝及地应力之间的耦合关系研究为致密砂岩储层裂缝研究的未来发展趋势。

英文摘要：

Fracture is the key factor of getting the high and stable yield in the tight sandstone reservoir. Based on the systematic research and the recent study result of domestic and foreign tight sandstone gas reservoir fractures, the fracture types and its formation mechanisms are comprehensively described. The identification methods of frac- tures in tight sandstone reservoirs were in detail described in the aspects of geology, logging, seismic and experi- mental data. Through methods of the observation of field outcrops, cores and thin sections, as well as the structure curvature, the conventional and special logging, the fracture parameters of reservoir fracture densities, opening an- gles, occurrences, systems and orientations can be obtained. Fracture distribution forecasting methods mainly in- clude geological analysis, analysis of tectonic curvature, p-wave anisotropy analysis, seismic coherence analysis, inclination discontinuity fracture detection technology and tectonic stress field simulation technology, etc. At pres- ent, the study of fractures in tight sandstone reservoirs of marine facids and transitional facies （ within the coal-bear- ing formations） under the complex tectonic evolution background is relatively little in China, the differences of frac- tures＇ filling mechanism and micro-fractures quantitative identification is lack of systematic research, the precision of seismic identification of fractures remains to be further improved, and effective fracture identification methods and standard parameter systems in tight sandstone reservoirs for various types of sedimentary facies and tectonic evo- lution backgrounds have not yet formed. It is pointed out that the future development trend of the research will mainly focus on the following ： combination of all kinds of research methods of fractures, establishment of fracture i- dentification standards and parameters systems, analysis of micro-fractures, description of fracture development de- gree and quantitative relationships among main contro