中文摘要：

旅游城镇化是新型城镇化的动力之一,旅游城镇化过程中当地居民生计转型是政府和学界关注的焦点。本文以大连金石滩旅游度假区为例,对1992-2012年当地居民的生计转型进行了分析。研究表明：1992-2012年,旅游度假区当地居民实现了由传统＂农民＂到现代＂市民＂的生计转变,具体表现为：生计资本总量增加,结构从原来的以耕地、林地、海上养殖场等为主的自然资本依赖转为现在的以楼房、门面店、汽车等为主的物质资本依赖;生计策略上,从纯农业型转变为其他非农型;生计结果上,生计收入和支出整体增加,结构不断优化。但是,这种生计转型本质上是旅游度假区自然资源利用方式和强度调整的结果,而在此调整过程中,当地居民的生计需求没有得到充分关注,这主要体现在：当地居民居住空间被压缩,耕地等自然资产被用于商业开发;当地居民旅游型生计的缺失;当地居民对政府补贴的依赖造成生计结构贫困。因此,本文提出：尊重旅游度假区范围内原有自然村落的空间分布,尽量避免拆迁;强化对旅游度假区当地居民本身作为旅游资源的挖掘和开发;构建多层次吸纳当地居民就业的岗位体系。

英文摘要：

As a new type of urbanization in China,tourism urbanization has been an important driving force for the livelihood transition of local residents. However,research has not adequately analyzed changes caused by tourism on traditional livelihoods. Here,we used the sustainable development of livelihoods analysis framework of DFID to analyze changes in traditional livelihoods caused by tourism. Taking Jinshitan resort as a case study and combined with longitudinal sequence survey data from 1992 to 2012 we analyzed the transformation process of livelihood of local residents over the past 20 years. We found that dramatic livelihood changes have occurred in Jinshitan. On the whole,livelihood of local residents has changed from farmer to citizen. First,local residents＇ livelihood capital increased under a background of tourism development and its structure changed dramatically from pentagonal to square with a loss of natural capital. Second,livelihood strategies have diversified due to multiple off-farm growing,and this is more severe with the decline of traditional faming livelihood activities. Final,the overall standard of living of local residents present the improving trend. However,even though changes in livelihoods may be an indication of the realization of urbanization,this type of livelihood transition reflects an unsustainable development of the resort because of：（1）extrusion of local residents living space and deprivation of the natural assets;（2）low tourism livelihood of local residents;and（3）poverty of local residents seen from the structure of the income which depends mainly on subsidies. Therefore,we proposed the original natural villages should be protected from demolition;（2）tourism resort area residents itself as a mining and development of tourism resources should be strengthened;and（3）a multi- level employment post system for absorbing residents should be developed.