中文摘要：

神经退行性疾病是一类进行性神经元结构和功能丧失的认知和行为障碍类疾病。随着年龄的增长,其发病率越来越高,给社会和经济带来了巨大的负担。微RNA（miRNA）是长为20-30个碱基的非编码RNA,通过与靶信使RNA特异性结合导致靶信使RNA翻译抑制或降解,从而调控蛋白的翻译过程。某些miRNA在神经退行性疾病患者的大脑中表达特异性改变,具有显著组织性和时序性,表明其在这些疾病中起关键作用,因此miRNA可以作为神经退行性疾病潜在的治疗策略。

英文摘要：

Neurodegenerative diseases（NDD） are a group of cognitive and behavior dysfunction disorders characterized by progressive loss of neuronal function and structure. The incidence of NDDs increases with age which brings great burden to the society and economy. MicroRNAs（miRNAs） are small non-coding RNAs of about 20-30 nucleosides and act as posttranscription regulators of gene expression by base-pairing with target messenger RNA and lead to the transcription inhibition or degradation of target messenger RNA. The substantial knowledge of time sequencing and tissue specific altered expression of certain miRNA molecules in the brains of patients with neurodegenerative diseases suggests that miRNAs could have a crucial regulatory role in these disorders. Thus,miRNAs could be a series of potential therapeutic targets.