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中文摘要：
基于主客体识别的汞离子比色、荧光传感器由于使用方法简单、灵敏度高、不需要昂贵仪器等优势,受到了越来越多的关注。本文综述了近年来汞离子比色和荧光传感器的研究进展。本文根据作用机理将汞离子比色、荧光传感器分成三类,即通过特殊反应识别汞离子的传感器,通过配位作用识别汞离子的传感器以及基于纳米材料的汞离子传感器。其中通过特殊反应识别的传感器根据具体反应类型又可分成汞离子诱导的罗丹明上的内酰胺环开环型、汞离子与含硫（硒）的受体发生脱硫（硒）反应使受体氧化或关环型、汞离子与受体发生加汞化反应型和汞离子使受体发生汞离子催化的化学反应型这四类。本文对这些类型的汞离子传感器从设计原理、识别性能和机理等方面进行了介绍,并展望了该领域的研究方向。
英文摘要：
The colorimetric or fluorescent Hg2＋ sensors received more and more attention because these kinds of sensors possess a lot of advantages such as high sensitivity,not require expensive equipment and easy to operate.The advances in the research of colorimetric or fluorescent sensors for Hg2＋ are highlighted in this review.We grouped these Hg2＋ sonsors into three categories according to their recognition mechanisms,reaction based Hg2＋ sensors,coordination based Hg2＋ sensors,and nano-materials based Hg2＋ sensors,respectively.For reaction based sensors,depending on their specific reaction mechanisms,we grouped them into four categories： Hg2＋ induced Rhodamine spirolactam ring-opening process,Hg2＋ induced desulfation or deselenization and cyclization process,selective mercuration reaction,and Hg2＋ catalysed specific reaction.This review summarizes the main design principles,Hg2＋ recognition abilities and recognition mechanism of these sensors.The developing orientation for futher research is presented.
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