中文摘要：

对秸秆分解微生物演变机理的研究是调控秸秆还田、提高农田地力的理论基础。本试验基于土壤置换试验平台，利用BIOLOG方法研究在寒温带、中温带和中亚热带气候下，埋于黑土、潮土和红壤中的小麦和玉米秸秆在腐解过程中微生物对碳源利用的变化规律。试验中利用网袋法区分直接分解秸秆微生物。试验结果发现秸秆腐解微生物的碳源代谢活性（Average Well Color Development AWCD值表示）在腐解0．5a和1a后表现出一定的随气候变化规律，即随温度和降雨量的增加而降低。其中0．5a为海伦（0．765±0．060）〉封丘（0．737±0．165）〉鹰潭（0．326±0．076），1a为海伦（0．630±0．092）〉封丘（0．319±0．096）〉鹰潭（0．291±0．029），但这种趋势在腐解2a后减弱。气候条件是影响秸秆腐解微生物碳源代谢活性的主要因素，其次是腐解时间和土壤类型。主成分分析表明在腐解0．5a后海伦、封丘地区的微生物群落代谢特征与鹰潭差异较大，而1a后封丘和鹰潭的微生物群落代谢特征与海伦的差异较大，腐解2a后不同气候条件下的秸秆腐解微生物对碳源的利用趋于一致，均对含氮化合物利用较多。

英文摘要：

The study on microbial mechanism of straw decomposition process is the theoretical basis of regulation straw returning and enhancing of fertility on farmland. Reciprocal translocation experiment was set to investigate the chan- ges of metabolic activity （expressed as AWCD, Average Well Color Development） during decomposition in Phaeozem, Cambisol and Acrisol under cold temperate, warm temperate and mid-subtropic climate conditions. Litter bag method avoi- ding soil entering was used to identify microbial communities responsible for straw decomposition. The results showed that the AWCD decreased with the increase of temperature and rainfall during half and one year decomposition. AWCD in O. 5 year showed that Hailun （0. 765 ±0. 060） 〉 Fengqiu （0. 737 ± 0. 165） 〉 Yingtan （0. 326 ± 0. 076）, AWCD in 1 year showed that Hailun （0. 630 ± 0. 092） 〉 Fengqiu （0. 319 ± 0. 096） 〉 Yingtan （0. 291 ± 0. 029 ）. However the tendency was weak after two-year decomposition. Climate condition is the key factor that influenced the microbial carbon utilization activity. In addition, by principal component analysis, the microbial metabolic properties in Haiun and Fengqiu were quite different from that in Yingtan after 0.5 year, and the microbial metabolic properties in Fengqiu and Yingtan were quite different from that in Hailun. After two-year decomposition the microbial metabolic properties became similar under different climate conditions, which all had largely utilization to nitrogen compounds.