中文摘要：

本文综述了无定形碳酸钙的结构、合成和表征方法，阐明了无定形碳酸钙是一种热力学上的不稳定相。具有功能基团的有机高分子、功能蛋白质以及无机镁离子等添加剂对它有一定的稳定作用，抑制它的转化；但是在一定条件下它将转化成结晶态的碳酸钙。无定形碳酸钙具有高可溶性、各向同性和可塑性，正是这些特性使得生物采用它作为生物矿物的前体来矿化，形成具有精美结构的各种生物矿物。通过对无定形碳酸钙的研究，能够更加深入地了解生物矿化的机理，更好地仿生合成和制备各种功能材料。

英文摘要：

The structure, synthesis and characterization of amorphous calcium carbonate and the important precursor of biomineralization are introduced. The amorphous phase is thermodynamically metastable. However, its stability and transformation into the crystallized calcium carbonates can be regulated by additives, e.g. functional polymer, protein, and inorganic ions etc. Since the amorphous calcium carbonate has the relatively high solubility and isotropy, its involvements in biomineralization can uniquely lead to the desired structure of crystallized calcium carbonate, which is another important feature of the biominerals in nature. The studies of amorphous calcium carbonate can improve our understanding of the mechanisms of biomineralization and can also provide another improved strategy for the biomimetic preparation of functional materials.