中文摘要：

利用线粒体细胞色素b（Cytb）基因全序列,对采自陕西红碱淖湿地繁殖的遗鸥Larus relictus、棕头鸥Larus brunnicephalus、普通燕鸥Sterna hirundo和鸥嘴噪鸥Gelochlidon nilotica的序列特征进行了分析。联合已知该基因全序列的其它32种鸟类,构建了36种鸟类之间的系统发育关系,并确定了4种鸥在系统发育中的地位。结果表明：4种鸥Cytb基因全长均为1143bp;MP、ML和Bayes树拓扑结构大致相同,支持遗鸥、渔鸥Larus ichthyaetus和地中海鸥Larus audouinii、Larus melanocephalus划归为黑头鸥族;棕头鸥划归为面具族;遗鸥与地中海鸥亲缘关系较近,与渔鸥次之,与棕头鸥亲缘关系较远;普通燕鸥和鸥嘴噪鸥均划归为黑帽族;燕鸥属和凤头燕鸥属亲缘关系较近,噪鸥属较为古老,是较早分化出的一支;鞘嘴鸥科作为单型科,受不同选择压力导致和鸥类亲缘关系甚远;建议将灰头鸥Larus cirrocephalus移入巾头鸥族;鸥科、燕鸥科和剪嘴鸥科的拓扑结构未能准确解析,需要进一步分析研究。

英文摘要：

In order to reconstruct a robust phylogenetic relationship and explore the phylogenetic status of four gulls, the complete mitochondrial Cyt b gene sequences of Larus relictus, Larus brunnicephalus, Sterna hirundo and Gelochlidon nilotica, collected from Hongjiannao wetland, were determined, and analyzed with other 32 species that have completely sequenced. The results showed that the entire mitochondrial Cyt b gene sequences of four gulls were all 1143 bp in length. The topology structure of MP and ML trees are the same with that of Bayes tree, and this support that Larus relictus, Larus ichthyaetus, Larus audouinii and Larus melanocephalus should be belonged to the Black-headed species, but Larus brunnicephalus categorized into the Masked species. Larus relictus is genetically most related to Larus audouinii, more close to Larus ichthyaetus, but distant with Larus brunnicephalus in kinship. It is also supported that Sterna hirundo should be belonged to Black cap species with Gelochlidon nilotica, Sterna and Thalasseus are close in genetic, Gelochelidon is so antiquated that it is divided out earlier than others. As a monotypic family, Chionididae is partitioned from gulls in undergoing different selection pressures. We suggest that Larus cirrocephalus should be moved from Masked species to the Hooded species. The topological structure of Laridae, Sternidae, and Rynchopidae are unresolved in this study and should be further investigated.