中文摘要：

人类发现蠕形螨已有175年的历史，但因蠕形螨在人群中的感染率高而发病率低以及感染螨荷与临床症状不完全相关，使得临床医生一直质疑蠕形螨的致病性。近几十年来，随着国内外有关蠕形螨感染引起皮肤损害的病例不断报道，其致病性逐渐引起了人们的关注。国内人们对蠕形螨的致病性认识不足,仅限于酒渣鼻与蠕形螨感染可能存在关联,蠕形螨感染引起的丘疹、脓疱等面部其他部位出现的损害基本处于误诊和漏诊状况。本文主要介绍蠕形螨病的发现过程、典型病例、致病机制、临床诊断和治疗，旨在提高全社会尤其是临床皮肤病医生对蠕形螨病的认识和重视。

英文摘要：

Demodex mites were discovered 175 years ago. However, the pathogenicity of Demodex remains questioned by clinicians due to the high infection yet low incidence of demodicosis and incomplete correlation between mite loads and clinical symptoms. In the recent decades, the pathogenicity of Demodex has attracted public concern as there are continuous case reports of skin lesions caused by mite infection. The pathogenicity of Demodex remains poorly understood. Demodex infection is suspected to be assocaited with rosacea, but its relation with other types of facial lesions such as papule and pustule is usually misdiagnosed or missed in clinical practice. This review gives an overview on the discovery, typical cases, pathogenesis, and clinical diagnosis and treatment of demodicosis, in the aim of promoting social recognition and attention on demodicosis.