中文摘要：

作为一种新的治疗策略，免疫疗法已发展成为继手术、化疗和放疗之后的第四种肿瘤治疗手段，并展现出良好的应用前景。肿瘤免疫治疗的方法种类繁多，其中将纳米技术应用于治疗性的肿瘤疫苗，极大地提高了疫苗的效应。本文介绍了纳米佐剂在肿瘤疫苗中的多种功能，重点介绍了几种纳米粒子的合成方法和疫苗治疗效果，总结了纳米技术用于肿瘤免疫治疗的一些新思路，并对应用纳米技术解决肿瘤疫苗面临的挑战进行了初步的分析和展望。

英文摘要：

In recent years immunotherapy has been developed as a promising oncotherapy strategy after surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Immunotherapy has been widely used in the treatment of cancer including a variety of approaches. It is interesting that the overall efficiency of therapeutic cancer vaccines can be greatly improved when nanoparticle-based adjuvants are used. Significant efforts have been made to synthesize diverse nanoparticles which can fundamentally achieve surface modification and functionalization. In this review, we introduce the role of multifunctional nanoparticle-based adjuvants used in cancer vaccines, particularly focusing on synthesis methods of different types of nanoparticles and therapeutic effects of vaccines. In addition, some new ideas about nanotechnology used in cancer immunotherapy are summarized. Finally, the preliminary analysis and perspective on applying nanotechnology to overcoming the challenges of cancer vaccines are presented.