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中文摘要：
我国高中学业水平考试在制度化过程中遭遇认同困境、制度动力不足和实施效率低下等问题。新制度主义为解释我国高中学业水平考试的制度化困境提供了分析框架。本文基于社会学制度主义的“合理性”机制理论、历史制度主义的“路径依赖”理论和理性选择制度主义的“博弈论”三大观点，认为新制度的“合法性”危机、原有体制的路径依赖以及制度变革中的权力与利益博弈是产生我国高中学业水平考试制度化难题的原因。因此，我们应营造与高中学业水平考试制度相适应的内外部环境，解除其合法性危机；实现强制性变迁和诱致性变迁模式的整合，突破路径依赖的锁定效应；完善制度设计，改变博弈双方的支付结构，实现高中学业水平考试制度的利益共享。
英文摘要：
The neo-institutional analysis provides us with a new analytical framework which explains the obstacles in the process of implementation of academic proficiency exam for senior high school, such as identity dilemma, the lack of driving mechanism of the institution supply and ineffective implementation. Based on the theory named ＂legitimacy＂ of sociological institutionalism, ＂path- dependence＂ of historical institutionalism and ＂Game Theory＂ of rational-choice institutionalism, we propose that the difficulties in the process of institutionalization of academic proficiency exam are mainly due to the crisis of legitimacy, path dependence on old system and conflicts of interests. Therefore, we should create new environment adapting to the reform in order to eliminate crisis; integrate the models of mandatory change and induced change to break down the path-dependence; and improve the design of program and change payment structures to share interests.
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