中文摘要：

离化态原子广泛存在于等离子体物质中,其相关性质是天体物理、受控核聚变等前沿科学研究领域的重要基础.基于独立电子近似,本文系统研究了扩展周期表元素（2 Z 119）所有中性和离化态原子的基态电子结构.基于设计的原子轨道竞争图,系统总结了各周期元素轨道竞争的规律,并结合离化态原子的局域自洽势阐明了其轨道竞争（即轨道塌陷）的机制;在此基础上,说明了部分元素性质与轨道竞争的关系.利用本文研究得到的离化态原子基态电子结构,可建立更精密计算相关原子的能级结构、跃迁几率等物理量之基础,从而满足高功率自由电子激光实验分析、原子核质量精密测量等前沿研究的需求.

英文摘要：

Ionized atoms widely exist in plasmas, and studies of properties of ionized atoms are the foundations of frontier science researches such as astrophysics and controlled nuclear fusions. For example, the information about the ground configurations of atoms is required for accurately calculating the physical quantities such as energy levels and dynamical processes. The configurations for different ionized atoms can be obtained with the photo-electron energy spectrum experiment, however it is very time-consuming to obtain so many data of all ions. Therefore the more economical theoretical study will be of great importance. As is well known, the configurations of neutral atoms can be determined according to Mendeleev order while those of highly ionized atoms are hydrogen-like due to the strong Coulombic potential of their nuclei. Then with the variations of ionization degree and atomic number along the periodic table, there would appear the interesting competitions between electronic orbitals. Although some theoretical results exist for ions 3 Z 118,3 Ne 105（where Z is the atomic number and Neis the electron number）, there are many errors in the results for highly ionized atoms. Therefore, the ground configurations of ionized atoms and their orbital competitions still deserve to be systematically studied.Based on the independent electron approximation, we calculate the energy levels of all possible competition configurations of all the neutral and ionized atoms in the extended periodic tables（2 Z 119） by Dirac-Slater method.Then the ground configurations are determined by calculating the chosen lowest total energy. The advantages of DiracSlater method are as follows. 1） It has been shown that the Dirac-Slater calculation is accurate enough for studying the ground properties of atoms, such as the 1stthreshold, and that higher accuracy will be obtained for highly ionized atoms, because the electron correlation becomes less important. 2） Furthermore, with Dirac-Slater method we can obtain the localized self-