中文摘要：

耳聋有着复杂的病因学特点，遗传和／或环境因素均可致聋。120多个耳聋相关基因的发现为我们了解听觉的病理生理机制提供了新的视点。然而，最近的研究表明在中国相当一部分综合征性和非综合征性耳聋仅由为数不多的几个基因突变引起。本文旨在综述综合征性、非综合征性及线粒体遗传性聋在中国人群感音神经性聋致病机制方面的最新进展。深入了解中国人群耳聋分子病因学特点，对获得准确的耳聋早期诊断和遗传咨询，以便及时干预和治疗至关重要。

英文摘要：

Deafness is an etiologically heterogeneous trait with many known genetic, environmental causes or a combination thereof. The identification of more than 120 independent genes for deafness has provided profound new insights into the pathophysiology of hearing. However, recent findings indicate that a large proportion of both syndromic and nonsyndromic forms of deafness in Chinese population are caused by a small number of mutations. This review is focused on syndromic and nonsyndromic deafness as well as on the latest information linking inherited mitochondrial pathologies to a variety of etiologies of sensorineural deafness in Chinese population. Better understanding of the genetic causes of deafness in Chinese population is important for accurate genetics counseling and early diagnosis for timely intervention and treatment options.