中文摘要：

早幼粒白血病蛋白核体（promyelocytic leukaemia nuclear bodies,PML-NBs）是哺乳动物细胞中普遍存在的一种动态的细胞核亚结构,参与DNA损伤与修复、细胞衰老与凋亡、基因表达调控以及肿瘤发生与抑制等多种重要的细胞活动。研究表明,PML-NBs也是多种病毒入侵细胞的作用靶点。PML-NBs通过介导细胞固有免疫反应或者作为细胞干扰素信号通路元件参与宿主细胞的抗病毒防御活动。该文以几种DNA和RNA病毒为例,综述了在病毒感染过程中PML-NBs与病毒的相互作用以及这些相互作用的功能意义,从而揭示PML-NBs在抵御病毒感染和免疫反应中的重要作用,并提出运用病毒单分子实时示踪（Single-virus Tracking）这一新技术深入研究PML-NBs在病毒感染中作用的可行性。

英文摘要：

Promyelocytic leukaemia nuclear bodies （PML-NBs） are a kind of dynamic nuclear substructures in mammalian cells. PML-NBs have been demonstrated to participate in many important cellular activities, including DNA damage repair, senescence, apoptosis, gene expression, tumorigenesis and tumor suppression. Increasing evidences prove that PML-NBs are the targets of various viruses in infection. PML-NBs are involved in host antiviral defenses through mediating an intrinsic immune response against specific viruses or serving as the components of the cellular interferon pathway. In this review, taking several DNA and RNA viruses as examples, we summarize the interplay of PML-NBs with different viruses in infection to reveal the important roles of PML- NBs in antiviral defenses and cellular immune responses. Meanwhile, we propose that it will be helpful to study the functions of PML-NBs in viral infection using a new technological method named Single-virus Tracking.