中文摘要：

厌氧氨氧化由于其独特的优点成为当前生物脱氮研究的前沿课题。研究表明，反应器中可能同时存在厌氧氨氧化与反硝化两种主要的厌氧脱氮过程。文章主要对ANAMMOX和反硝化同时存在的理论研究进行了阐述，并指出了目前存在的问题和今后的研究方向。

英文摘要：

Because of its unique advantage, Anaerobic ammonia oxidation has become one of frontiers of biological denitrification research. Research shows that, two main types of anaerobic denitrification process of ANAMMOX and denitrification may exist in ANAMMOX reactor simultaneously. The theory study of denitrification and ANAMMOX of existing at the same time was mainly expounded, and the existing problems and future research direction were pointed out.