中文摘要：

【目的】研究酸性矿山废水中真核生物的群落结构特征以及群落结构与环境因子之间的关系。【方法】利用分子生物学方法,通过构建18S rRNA基因克隆文库进行系统发育分析;利用典范对应分析（CCA）方法解析环境因子对真核生物群落结构的影响。【结果】系统发育分析表明：子囊菌门（Ascomycota）普遍存在于4个样品中,并在样品1和样品3中占统治地位,而绿藻门（Chlorophyta）和担子菌门（Basidiomycota）分别为样品2和样品4的优势类群。该酸性矿山废水中的克隆与许多已知的耐酸耐重金属真核生物亲缘关系较近,如Sarcinomyces petricola、Penicillium janthinellum、Coniochaeta velutina、Trichoderma viride、Chlorellaprotothecoides var.acidicola、Ochromonas sp.等。此外,样品中还存在大量的已知人类病原菌,如Lecythophorahoffmannii、Cryptococcus neoformans。CCA分析表明：TN、SO24-、Fe2＋、Eh是影响真核生物群落空间分布的主要因素。【结论】所研究的酸性矿山废水中真核生物的群落结构在时间和空间上均有较大差异,这可能与水体的理化性质有关;高含量人类致病菌的存在是之前研究所未发现的;酸性环境中真核生物的生态学研究有助于开发高效处理酸性矿山废水的方法。

英文摘要：

[ Objective] We characterized eukaryotic community structure and the relationship between the community structure and environmental factors in acidic mine drainage （AMD） lake of a sulfide mine in Anhui Province, China. [ Methods] The 18S rRNA gene clone libraries were constructed by using molecular biology techniques to analyze the eukaryotic phylogenetic relationships, and the canonical correspondence analysis （CCA） was used to analyze the relationship between the community structure and environmental factors. [ Results] The phylogenetic analysis shows that Ascomyeota is widespread in the four samples and dominated in the AMD-1 and AMD-3 clone libraries, whereas Chlorophyta and Basidiomycota are the predominant in AMD-2 and AMD-4 samples, respectively. Moreover, many sequences in libraries were closely related to those of acid-resisting and metal-resisting eukaryotic microbes, such as Sarcinomyces petricola, Penicillium janthinellum, Coniochaeta velutina, Trichoderma viride, Chlorella protothecoides var. acidicola, Ochromonas sp. , and there are high content of known human pathogens, such as Lecythophora hoffmannii, Cryptococcus neoformans. CCA analysis revealed that the critical factors influencing the eukaryotic community structure include TN, SO~- , Fe2 ~ and Eh. [ Conclusion] Difference of eukaryotic community structure in time and spare may be related with physico-chemical properties of acidic mine drainage. High content of human pathogens was detected in the acidic ecosystem. The ecological study of eukaryotes under the acidic conditions can help to find efficient methods to process acid mine drainage.