中文摘要：

作为新型的化工单元操作,膜分离具有高效、节能等优势,然而相关的传质理论,尤其在限域条件下（如渗透汽化、反渗透、纳滤等）,对其传质出现的反常现象普遍缺乏共性传质机制及调控方法的认识,严重制约了相关膜材料的设计开发.针对这一现状,本文首先剖析了经典传质模型在限域条件下存在的挑战;其次,探讨了非平衡热力学线性化方法在限域传质模型建立中的应用;最后,由于影响限域流体行为的因素众多且相互耦合,增加了单因素分析及确定控制因素的难度,为此,系统分析了针对限域传质影响因素的模拟和实验研究进展.

英文摘要：

As a novel chemical engineering unit operation, membrane separation has many advantages such as high efficiency and energy saving. Recently, at nanoscale, the increasingly anomalous phenomena of ultra-fast flux and breaking the tradeoff between flux and selectivity are found in membrane separations （such as pervaporation, reverse osmosis, nano-filtration, etc.）, which promote considerable attentions. However, traditional models or mechanisms fail to explain these phenomena or to predict the behavior. The main reason of this is that when the size of systems shrinks to nanoscale, the intermolecular forces between the fluids and membrane pore wall （including primarily steric interactions/hydration, van der Waals interactions and electrostatic interactions） have become the most prominent ones in nanoconfined systems, which make significant contributions to mass-transfer and engender unique performance. The relevant mass-transfer theories especially under nanoconfinement lacks common mass-transfer mechanism and controlling methods for these abnormal phenomena on its mass-transfer, severely restricting the design and development of related membrane materials. To quantitatively describe the nanoconfined membrane process, a universal theoretical framework for nanoconfined mass-transfer is needed and then the contributions of various influencing factors at nanoscale to the flux and selectivity should be illustrated quantitatively. In this review, we first analyzed the challenges of classical mass-transfer models in the confinement conditions, such as solution-diffusion model to dense membrane. The main problem can be attributed to that these models in essence describe an equilibrium state plus a dynamic process, which not includes the interfacial influence. Secondly, we explored the application of non-equilibrium thermodynamics linearization method in establishing the mass-transfer model under nanoconfinement. We simplified the interfacial phenomenon to assume that system located at a distance close to interface