中文摘要：

微波或射频热消融已成为肿瘤治疗的一种重要手段。实时准确地监测肿瘤热消融温度和热凝固区变化是保证治疗安全、取得良好疗效的关键。肿瘤热疗超声无创监测技术一直是国内外研究的热点。超声弹性成像作为一种新的超声组织定征技术，在肿瘤热疗无创监测方面正受到越来越多的关注。本文介绍了基于静态弹性成像、声辐射力弹性成像以及运动电极弹性成像进行肿瘤热疗无创监测的原理及方法，概述了国内外研究现状，并从以下方面总结了发展方向：如何实现活体内监测、如何结合现有的商业超声诊断系统、如何实现测温和凝固区监测的有效结合、如何提高抗运动伪影能力，以及如何提高监测的实时性和精确性。

英文摘要：

Microwave and radio-frequency thermal ablation has become an important means for tumor treatment. Real-time and precise monitoring of the change of temperature and thermal coagulation zones in thermal ablation of tumors is the key to ensure the safety of treatment and to achieve satisfactory curative effect. The ultrasound-based noninvasive monitoring techniques for thermal therapy are always a hot point of research. As a new ultrasonic tissue characterization method, uhrasound elasticity imaging is paid increasing attention in respect of the noninvasive monitoring of thermal therapy. In this paper, we introduce the principles and methods of noninvasive monitoring based on static elasticity imaging, acoustic radiation force elasticity imaging, and electrode motion elasticity imaging. We also summarize the state of the research home and abroad, and the prospect in these respects ： how to achieve in vivo monitoring, how to incorporate the use of existing commercial ultrasonic diagnosis systems, how to combine temperature measurement with coagulation zone monitoring effectively, how to improve the capability of resistance to motion artifact ability, and how to increase the real- time performance and accuracy of monitoring.