中文摘要：

病毒被认为是地球上数量最多的生物类群。在海洋生态系统中，研究人员确认了病毒巨大的数量和遗传多样性以及对很多原核生物和部分真核生物死亡率的重要贡献；建立起病毒影响生物地球化学循环的概念模型；也开始研究病毒及其生态系统功能对全球变化的响应和反馈作用。然而，人们对于土壤病毒生态学的研究严重滞后，甚至对于土壤病毒的多度和分布、环境影响因子等基本信息的了解都很有限。土壤蕴含巨量的可溶性和不可溶性有机物，土壤病毒应该会对土壤微生物的死亡率有重要贡献，并因此对土壤碳循环产生深远影响，因而将土壤病毒纳入到已有的生态系统生态学模型中将促进我们对土壤碳循环的理解。

英文摘要：

Viruses have been recognized as the most abundant biological entities on Earth. Studies of marine viruses have shown that viruses are of very high abundance and genetic diversity, and viruses make great contribution to the mortality of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes. There have been both empirical data and conceptual models for understanding the impact of viruses on biogeochemical processes in the sea; the responses of marine viruses to global changes have also received much attention. Soil viruses, however, have been studied very poorly. We have yet little information about the abundance, distribution, and environmental response of soil viruses. It is known that soils contain a great amount of organic matters, and may function as an important carbon source. Soil viruses may regulate the abundance and activity of soil microbes, with profound consequence for global carbon cycles. It is thus crucial to integrate viruses into ecosystem ecology, either in the sea or on the land.