中文摘要：

目的探讨在校学生首发精神分裂症患儿的临床特征及应用利培酮治疗后的疗效。方法采用自编调查表，对106例在校学生首发精神分裂症患儿进行一般资料采集。入组后单一应用利培酮口腔崩解片治疗，采用阳性与阴性症状量表评定临床症状及疗效，以不良反应量表和实验室监测等进行安全性评定，并分析各因素对其治疗效果的影响。结果患儿起病年龄、病程、受教育情况及阳性家族史均无性别差异（Pa〉0．05），首次住院或就诊年龄在性别间存在显著差异（P〈0．05）；阳性症状、阴性症状性别间存在显著差异（Pa〈0．05），女性患儿多表现为阳性症状，而男性患儿则多表现为阴性症状；一般精神病理症状及总分无性别差异（Pa〉0．05）。利培酮治疗总有效率为58．5％，不良反应少；利培酮疗效在性别、文化程度方面存在显著差异（Pa〈0．05），病程长短对疗效的影响无显著差异（P〉0．05）。结论在校学生首发精神分裂症患儿的阳性症状、阴性症状存在性别差异。利培酮治疗首发精神分裂症疗效好，存在性别及文化程度差异，安全性高。

英文摘要：

Objective To explore the clinical features and efficacy after treatment with risperidone for students with first - episode schi- zophrenia. Methods One hundred and six patients Kith first - episode schizophrenia in school were studied retrospectively with self - com piled questionnaire in order to get the general data of them, then treated with risperidone orally disintegrating tablets, and the efficacy was e- valuated with positive and negative syndrome scale, and the safety was evaluated with the treatment emergent symptom scale and the laboratory testing. Consequently,the effect of several factors to efficacy will be analyzed. Results There were no differences between male and female schizophrenic patients in the age of first onset, course, degree and family history（ Pa 〉 0. 05 ） , but there was a significant difference between male and female in the age of going to hospital for the first time （P 〈 0.05 ）. The differences between male and female schizophrenic patients in the positive symptoms and negative symptoms were significant（Pa 〈 0. 05 ）, but there were no differences between male and female in the general mental symptoms and total scores （Pa 〉 0.05 ）. Most female schizophrenic patients display positive clinical symptoms, but male patients show negative clinical symptoms. The total efficacious rate of risperidone was 58.5% and the secondary reaction of it was less. There were sig- nificant differences in gender and degree in effectiveness of risperidone（Pa 〈0.05 ）, but there was no difference in the course （P 〉 0.05 ）. Conclusions There are gender differences in the positive and negative clinical symptoms of schizophrenia in school students, and fisperidone is an effective and safe antipsychotic in the treatment of first - episode schizophrenia, and there are gender and culture differences in efficacy.