中文摘要：

背景：很多研究表明骨性Ⅱ类错与上气道的形态存在一定的关系,但未见关于骨性Ⅲ类患者上气道生长发育及其与颅面部形态结构之间关系的相关研究。目的：基于颈椎骨龄定量分期法,探讨骨性Ⅲ类错畸形患者上气道生长发育的特点,为不同骨龄上气道参考值的建立和颅面部生长发育的研究提供一定的参考。方法：将收集的368例骨性Ⅲ类错畸形患者（4-39岁）根据颈椎骨龄定量分期法分为4期：Ⅰ期（加速期）、Ⅱ期（高峰期）、Ⅲ期（减速期）、Ⅳ期（结束期）,对其X射线头颅侧位片进行测量,并对上气道矢状径的测量值进行分析。结果与结论：Ⅰ期各水平测量值无显著性别差异,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ期上气道各段除会厌谷与下咽壁点的距离外也无性别差异。从Ⅰ期到Ⅲ期,男性上气道后鼻棘点与咽顶点的距离、后鼻棘点与过后鼻棘点做蝶鞍点-颅底点连线的垂线与咽后壁的交点的距离、会厌谷与下咽壁点的距离有显著增长,过后鼻棘点-悬雍垂尖连线的中点做下颌角点-下齿槽座点连线的平行线与软腭的交点与过后鼻棘点-悬雍垂尖连线的中点做下颌角点-下齿槽座点连线的平行线与咽后壁的交点的距离、悬雍垂尖与中咽壁点的距离、下颌角点-下齿槽座点连线与舌根部的交点和下颌角点-下齿槽座点连线的延长线与咽后壁的交点的距离从Ⅱ期开始逐渐增大,后鼻棘点与上咽壁点的距离在Ⅰ期到Ⅱ期增长显著;从Ⅰ期到Ⅲ期,女性上气道后鼻棘点与咽顶点的距离、后鼻棘点与过后鼻棘点做蝶鞍点-颅底点连线的垂线与咽后壁的交点的距离显著增长,过后鼻棘点-悬雍垂尖连线的中点做下颌角点-下齿槽座点连线的平行线与软腭的交点与过后鼻棘点-悬雍垂尖连线的中点做下颌角点-下齿槽座点连线的平行线与咽后壁的交点的距离、悬雍垂尖与中咽壁点的距?

英文摘要：

BACKGROUND： Class Ⅱ malocclusion has been found to be associated with the morphology of upper airway, but development of upper airway in patients with class Ⅲ malocclusion, and its correlation with the craniofacial morphology have not yet been reported.OBJECTIVE： To investigate the characteristics of the upper airway growth in patients with class Ⅲ malocclusion according to quantitative cervical vertebral maturation （QCVM）, thus providing references for the upper airway construction and studies on the craniofacial development.METHODS： 368 patients with class Ⅲ malocclusion aged 4-39 years old were enrolled and allocated to four groups according to QCVM （QCVM Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ）. The lateral cephalometric radiographs were measured, and then the sagittal depth of upper airway was analyzed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： All measurements showed no significant differences in QCVM Ⅰ. In QCVM Ⅱ, Ⅱ and Ⅳ, only the distance of epiglottic vallecula and posterior pharyngeal wall showed significant difference. The PNS-R,PNS-AD2, V-LPW of upper airway in male increased from QCVM Ⅰ to QCVM Ⅲ, and SPP-SPPW, U-MPW, TB-TPPW increased from QCVM Ⅱ, and the increase of PNS-UPW made a significance from QCVM Ⅰ to QCVM Ⅱ. In female,the PNS-R, PNS-AD2 of upper airway increased from QCVM Ⅰ to QCVM Ⅲ, and SPP-SPPW, U-MPW, TB-TPPW,V-LPW increased from QCVM Ⅱ, and the increase of PNS-UPW made a significant difference from QCVM Ⅰ to QCVM Ⅱ. While from QCVM Ⅲ to QCVM Ⅳ, the changes made no significance. There was a correlation between the sagittal depth of upper airway and craniofacial structure. Different vertical facial types exposed influence on the sagittal depth of upper airway. To conclude, the upper airway is related to the craniofacial development in class Ⅲ malocclusion patients, paving the way for the future study on the correlation between the upper airway and class Ⅲ malocclusion.