中文摘要：

对比分析我国12个地区的冰斗发育特征，对冰斗的长宽比、岩性、冰斗朝向以及冰斗发育的影响因素进行研究，冰斗在不同的气候条件、构造因素、地形地貌、坡度坡向、岩性条件控制下，即具有一定的共性特征，也显示了彼此之间的差异特点，冰斗研究的气候意义主要体现在冰斗的长宽比、冰斗发育方位、冰斗转向以及冰斗底部高程等与气候之间关系方面，研究显示：冰斗的长宽比介于0.6～1.47之间，在平面上具有近似等距性；良好的水热条件能促进冰斗积极成长，并使其长宽比偏小，而水热条件不利环境下的冰斗只能是消极适应，并使其长宽比偏大，冰斗方位在西北大陆性气候区受朝向的影响明显，是主导因素，而其它地区的主导因素中，既有朝向的影响，也有水汽来源方向的影响；点苍山、螺髻山、拱王山发生转向的寄生冰斗数量多，高密度转向的寄生冰斗群的出现可能是海洋性冰川区的又一大特点，冰斗发育的岩性条件在中国东部沉积岩占50％，火成岩占30％，变质岩占20％，在火成岩和变质岩中发育的冰斗规模普遍较大；冰斗的方向性不一，但N、NE、NW这3个方向所发育的冰斗比例占绝对优势，即76％，而其它方向所占的比例仅为24％，这与我国西部有现代冰川发育地区统计结果基本一致，在新构造运动活跃区，冰斗古雪线确定方面应考虑后期构造抬升影响。

英文摘要：

Characteristics of the mountain cirques in 12 regions are analyzed and compared between different climatic regions, especially for the ratio between length and width, litho logy, cirque orientation, and the factors affecting the cirque development. The following four aspects are meaningful for study the relation of cirque development and climate change, ratio between length and width, cirque aspects, change of cirque orientation, and cirque floor altitude. Results show that cirques have approximately common features, and the ratios between length and width of cirques range from 0.6 to 1.47. Orientation change of cirques with high density takes place in Luoji Shan, Diancang Shan, and Gongwang Shan. Comparison results indicate that the percentage of lithology controlling the cirque development is 50% by sedimentary rock, 30% by volcanic rock, and 20% by metamorphic rock, and the cirque extent in the volcanic and metamorphic rock regions are larger than that in sedimentary rock regions. So many cirques in sedimentary rock regions could be related to the structure. Statistical data suggests that the glacial cirques could develop in any direction. However, the cirques with preponderant orientation in north, northwest and northeast reach 76%, which is similar to other glaciated mountains in West China at present. There are many factors, such as tectonic, climatic, landform and sloping direction, controlling the development of glacial cirques in the study areas. The uplift factor should be considered in calculation of ancient snow line in the extensive uplift regions.