中文摘要：

构建高速度、高特异性、高灵敏的蛋白质检测技术是目前蛋白质组学研究所面临的紧迫任务。传统蛋白质的检测主要利用抗体-抗原的特异相互作用。利用寡核苷酸间严格的识别和亲合力而设计的人工合成寡核苷酸-适体（aptamer）的出现,使抗体抗原反应发生新的革命性变化。核酸适体对蛋白质的结合力和特异性可与抗原抗体间的作用力相媲美,且与抗体相比有许多优越性。因此利用核酸适体构建蛋白质的检测方法己引起许多科学工作者的关注。本文综述了核酸适体的发现（包括SELEX技术的原理）、特点,核酸适体生物传感器的原理、分类和应用,并对核酸适体生物传感器的发展进行了展望。

英文摘要：

Protein detection has been a topic of significant interest for proteomies. Intense research activities are carried out worldwide to develop rapid, specific and sensitive detection devices for protein, while the detection methodologies for protein based on antibodies cannot meet the demand of the human proteome. Now aptamers have been emerging as a new protein recognition element in wide range of bioassays and have attracted considerable attention due to their ability to bind target protein with high affinity and specificity and have many advantages over antibodies, including simpler synthesis, easier storage, reproducibility, and wider applicability. These properties make aptamers ideal candidates as protein recognition elements. This review highlights the origin（ including the basic principle of SELEX）, characteristics of the aptamer. The basic principle, classification and application of the aptamer based biosensor are reviewed. Finally the prospect of the aptamer based biosenor is proposed.