中文摘要：

以水量短缺、水质恶化为核心的城市水问题已成为制约我国经济和社会发展的重大问题。城市节水与污水再生利用是解决上述水问题的根本途径，是我国建立新的水资源综合管理战略的科学依据。首先建立了城市节水与污水再生利用潜力的基本概念，进一步设计了刺激节水和污水再生利用的政策目标和基本原则，给出了激励节水和污水再生利用潜力升级和转化的政策体系框架，并对主要的政策方案进行了讨论。

英文摘要：

Urban water crisis, characterized by serious water shortage and heavy water pollution, has been viewed as one of the critical challenges hampering the economic and social development in China. One of the key solutions is water conservation and wastewater reclamation and reuse in China, which are the scientific basis to formulate the new integrated management strategy of water resources. Concepts on potentials of urban water conservation and wastewater reclamation and reuse were firstly developed. The policy objectives and basic principles to promote urban water conservation and wastewater reclamation and reuse were designed. The practical policy framework to encourage upgrading and transformation of potentials of urban water conservation and wastewater reclamation and reuse was presented, and key poli- cy tools were discussed in detail.