中文摘要：

以甲苯二异氰酸酯和乙二胺为单体,通过沉淀聚合一步到位制备了富含胺基的聚脲多孔材料.探讨了反应时间、溶剂种类及混合溶剂配比对聚脲多孔材料性能的影响.通过BET和压汞法对聚脲多孔材料的孔结构进行了表征,用扫描电子显微镜表征了材料的形貌,用X-射线衍射仪测试了材料的结晶性能.结果表明,聚合反应进行48 h后多孔材料的胺基含量不再变化,所得聚脲为典型多孔材料且部分结晶.与丙酮相比,以乙腈作反应介质制备的聚脲的比表面积和孔体积较大,孔径分布较宽.以乙腈和丙酮混合溶剂作反应介质,通过改变混合溶剂的配比可以改变材料的孔结构.

英文摘要：

A porous polyurea material with rich amine groups was prepared through one-step precipitation polymerization of toluene diisocyanate and ethylenediamine,with acetonitrile or acetone as the polymerization solvent. By determination of the primary amine groups at ends of the polyurea molecules,it was concluded that48 h of polymerization was needed for completing the polymerization. Effects of solvents,including acetonitrile,acetone and their mixtures at different mass ratios,on the properties of the porous polyurea were studied. The pore structure of the polyurea was characterized by BET and mercury intrusion,the morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy and the crystallinity was characterized by X-ray diffraction. Results showed that the porous polyurea samples prepared in acetonitrile have higher specific surface area,higher pore volume and broader pore size distribution than those prepared in acetone. For the polyurea prepared in acetonitrile,both large and small pores（ 〈200 nm） were present,with a specific surface area of 153. 2 m^2·g^- 1and a pore volume of 3. 5 cm3·g^- 1; For that prepared in acetone,no small pores below 200 nm were detected by mercury intrusion and by BET,with therefore a much lower specific surface of 7. 6 m^2·g^- 1and pore volume of 1. 2cm3·g^- 1. While in the mixture of the two solvents,the surface area and pore volume of the porous polyurea material decreased correspondingly,and the distribution of pore size narrowed with the increase in acetone amount in the binary mixture of the two solvents. The chemical structure of the polyureas was the same regardless of the solvent used in their preparation. XRD test demonstrates that partial ordered structure was present in the porous materials,owing to the heavy presence of hydrogen bonding,particularly the so-called＂ordered hydrogen bonding＂,formed between the urea carbonyl and the adjacent amide（ —NH—）,which was supported by FTIR analysis.