中文摘要：

对生态产品概念的历史演变进行了梳理,指出正确理解生态产品的概念要把握其时代特征并应在学术研究中明确其含义。认为生态产品本身是自然的产物,并不是人类生产或创造的,但从人类需求的角度观察,该类产品又是不可或缺的,与物质产品、文化产品一起构成支撑现代人类社会生存和发展的三大类产品。人类从生态产品所提供的生命支持服务和舒适性服务中获得效用。人类经济系统运作中通过消耗生态资源和排放废物对生态产品的供给能力产生负向冲击;人类通过主动增加生态资源存量提高自然界提供生态产品的能力。封闭区域条件下生态产品的供需均衡模型表明生态产品与人类所需其他产品的相对效用是区域居民决策的微观基础。该模型对封闭区域通常需要依次经历一个求富毁绿、富绿并进的发展进程提供了合理解释,并认为生态产品的供给与收入之间存在一种“微笑”的U型曲线关系。与以往普遍认为将生态涵养区隔离成“孤岛”能更好地保持生态原貌的直观认识不同,开放的两区域生态产品供需均衡模型则表明生态涵养区与城镇化地区区际联系越紧密,越能够使生态涵养区形成专业化提供生态产品的内在激励机制,从而避免封闭区域模型中生态涵养区先污染后治理的传统发展路径,有效解决“求富”与“求绿”的现实矛盾。基于研究结论,本文认为,未来中国政府不仅要提高生态补偿标准,同时应将区域补偿金额与该区域生态产品的供给量相联系。另外需要改善生态补偿区与城镇化地区的交通基础设施,增加城镇化地区对生态涵养区的反哺力度,包括实行对生态涵养区的横向转移支付制度.为生态涵养区居民提供更多就业机会等,以实现生态涵养区“富绿”同步发展目标。

英文摘要：

This paper generalizes the historical evolution of the concept of ecological products, and points out that the authors should grasp its era characteristics and clear its meaning in academic research in order to understand the concept of ecological products correctly. This paper argues that the ecological products itself should be a product of nature rather than one of human beings. But these products are indispensable in the view of human needs. Ecological products, together with the material products, cultural products, constitute the foundation of modern human society survival and development. Human beings gain utility from the life support service and comfortable service. Human economic system produces negative impact on the supply ability of ecological products through the consumption of ecological resources and emissions of waste. Human beings increase the ability of nature to provide ecological products through increasing ecological resources. The supply and demand equilibrium model of ecological products under the condition of enclosed area shows that ecological products＇ utility related to other products required by area residents is the micro-foundation of decision-making. The model provides a reasonable explanation that closed areas usually successively experience destroying ecology for the pursuit of being richer and more green hand in hand. The model also argues that the relationship between the supply of ecological products and income show a ＇ smile＇ U-shaped curve. Different from the intuitive understanding that the eco-conserving areas isolated into ＇ islands＇ are better in maintaining the original ecology, the supply and demand equilibrium model of ecological products between two opening regions suggests that a closer link between the eco-conserving areas and the urbanized areas is easier to form internal incentives mechanism since the eco-conserving areas can provide specialized ecological products in order to avoid traditional development path of ＇ pollution first, treatment later＇