中文摘要：

目的分析ICU导管相关性血流感染（CRBSI）病原菌分布及耐药性,为临床合理选用抗菌药物提供依据。方法回顾性分析2010年1月-2013年7月ICU导管相关性血流感染患者的病原菌分布和药敏试验资料,比较排位前5位病原菌的耐药性,采用SPSS13.0进行统计处理。结果 52例导管相关性血流感染患者共检出58株病原菌;其中革兰阳性菌34株占58.62%,革兰阴性菌24株占41.38%;引起导管相关性血流感染的病原菌主要是表皮葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、鲍氏不动杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、金黄色葡萄球菌,分别占20.68%、13.79%、10.34%、6.89%和6.89%;表皮葡萄球菌对多数抗菌药物的耐药率高于金黄色葡萄球菌,鲍氏不动杆菌与大肠埃希菌对大部分抗菌药物的耐药率在80.00%。结论近3年ICU导管相关性血流感染的病原菌中革兰阳性菌比革兰阴性菌略多;而耐药率则革兰阴性菌较革兰阳性菌高,主要病原菌的耐药率平均高达60.00%;在获得药敏结果前的经验性用药应兼顾革兰阳性菌及革兰阴性菌。

英文摘要：

OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens causing catheter-related bloodstream infections in ICU so as to provide guidance for reasonable use of antibiotics.METHODS The patients with catheter-related bloodstream infections who were hospitalized in the ICU from Jan 2010 to Jul 2013 were enrolled in the study,then the distribution of the pathogens and the data of drug susceptibility testing were retrospectively analyzed,the drug resistance rates were observed and compared amory the top five species of pathogens,and the statistical analysis was performed with the use of SPSS13.0 software.RESULTS A total of 58 strains of pathogens have been isolated from 52 patients with catheter-related bloodstream infections,including 34（58.62%）strains of gram-positive bacteria and 24（41.38%）strains of gram-negative bacteria.The Staphylococcus epidermidis,Escherichia coli,Acinetobacter baumannii,Klebsiella pneumoniae,and Staphylococcus aureus were the predominant species of pathogens causing the catheter-related bloodstream infections,accounting for 20.68%,13.79%,10.34%,6.89%,and 6.89%,respectively.The drug resistance rates of the S.epidermidis to most of the antibiotics were higher than those of the S.aureus;the drug resistance rates of the A.baumannii and E.coli to most of the antibiotics were 80.00%.CONCLUSION Among the pathogens causing catheter-related bloodstream catheter-related infections in the ICU in the recent three years,the gram-positive bacteria are more than the gram-negative bacteria;however,the drug resistance rates of the gram-negative bacteria are higher than those of the gram-positive bacteria;the average drug resistance rate of the main species of pathogens reached up to 60.00%.The gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria should be taken into consideration for the empirical medication before the results of drug susceptibility testing are obtained.