东篱科研大数据发现系统（DRDS）

位置：成果数据库 > 期刊 > 期刊详情页

灌溉与尿素类型对玉米花后穗位叶衰老、产量和效益的影响

期刊名称：中国农业科学
时间：0
页码：3459-3466
分类：S513[农业科学—作物学] TS193.632[轻工技术与工程—纺织化学与染整工程;轻工技术与工程—纺织科学与工程]
作者机构：[1]山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018, [2]微山县农业局农业技术推广站,山东济宁277600, [3]枣庄市薛城区劳动和社会保障局,山东枣庄277100, [4]河南科技大学农学院,河南洛阳471003
相关基金：基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目（30900876）、2008年公益性行业（农业）科研专项经费（200803028）、国家科技支撑计划（2006BAD10807）、山东省资源节约型社会科技支撑体系建设专项计划（2006JY06）、山东省中青年科学家科研奖励基金计划（2007BS06017）
相关项目：高产玉米氮-水互作的激素调控机制与氮水高效利用

关键词：灌溉, 尿素类型, 玉米, 衰老, 产量, 效益, irrigation urea types maize senescence yield economic benefit

中文摘要：

【目的】研究不同水分条件下,包膜控释尿素与常规尿素用量对玉米穗位叶衰老、产量和效益的影响。【方法】采用随机区组设计5个施氮水平和2个水分水平,研究不同类型尿素与水分耦合对玉米花后不同时期穗位叶含水量、净光合速率、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性、丙二醛（MDA）和可溶性蛋白含量的影响,比较处理间的产量和经济效益差异,讨论花后穗位叶衰老与产量的关系。【结果】相同水分条件下,与常规尿素相比,开花期包膜控释尿素处理玉米穗位叶净光合速率较低,花后始终保持较高值,且越到后期优势越大。相同施氮水平下,与常规尿素相比,包膜控释尿素处理可显著提高玉米穗位叶含水量、SOD、POD和CAT酶活性,增加可溶性蛋白含量,降低MDA积累量,因而包膜控释尿素处理可显著提高玉米籽粒产量和经济效益;灌浆水有利于延缓穗位叶衰老,可显著提高籽粒产量和经济效益。由于包膜控释尿素成本较高,在灌浆水条件下施氮量较高时经济效益低于常规控释尿素。【结论】与常规尿素相比,包膜控释尿素与灌溉对籽粒产量和经济效益的耦合效应更显著,其原因是提高了叶片活性氧清除酶活性,增加了可溶性蛋白含量,降低了MDA的积累量,延缓叶片衰老和提高净光合速率,有利于高产。随着包膜控释尿素产量的增加和成本的降低,它在粮食作物生产上应用前景非常广阔。

英文摘要：

【Objective】 The objective of the study is to investigate the effects of application rates of normal urea （NU） and controlled release urea （CU） on ear leaf senescence,yield and economic benefit of summer maize under different water conditions. 【Method】 Five nitrogen rates and two irrigation levels were designed to investigate the effects of water-nitrogen coupling on photosynthetic rate,superoxide dismutase （SOD）,peroxidase （POD）,catalase （CAT）,malondialdehyde （MDA） content and soluble protein content in maize ear leaves after anthesis,and their relationship with grain yield and economic benefit. 【Result】 At the same irrigation level,net photosynthetic rate of maize applied with controlled CU was lower （P〈0.05） than that applied with NU at anthesis,but the situation was just contrary after anthesis. At the same nitrogen level,compared with the NU,CU can significantly increase water content,activities of SOD,POD and CAT,and the content of soluble protein in ear leaves,but reduce MDA content. So,the grain yield and economic benefit of maize applied with CU was higher than that applied with NU,and irrigation is beneficial to improve the superiority of CU. But because of the higher cost of CU,when higher CU were used with irrigation,the economic benefit was lower than NU. 【Conclusion】 Compared with the NU,the positive coupling effect of CU might be caused by the higher SOD,POD and CAT activities and soluble protein content,and the lower MDA content after anthesis,which could delay the senescence and increase the net photosynthetic rate of ear leaf,and as a result,increase the grain yield of maize. With the increase of CU production,its cost will be decreased and its use prospect will be wider in crop production.

同期刊论文项目