中文摘要：

小开河灌区是黄河下游20世纪末扩建改造的大型引黄灌区,经输沙渠把泥沙进行长距离输送,在远离黄河大堤51.3km处修建沉沙池集中处理泥沙。1998年11月通水试运行,2001年底正式运行,工程建成后,输送入沉沙池泥沙占引黄闸进沙量的52.13%,实现了泥沙长距离输送的目标。本文首先介绍了小开河灌区工程建设及运行情况,10年来灌区水沙分布,针对泥沙长距离输送机理问题,研究分析了小开河灌区渠道特性、长距离输送特点和输沙渠冲淤规律,提出输沙渠泥沙垫底淤积量概念和基本冲淤平衡水沙条件。

英文摘要：

The Xiaokaihe irrigation district is a large irrigation district built in 1998 in the lower Yellow River.The main canal transports sediment-laden flow to a settling basin which is 51.3km far away from the embankment of the lower Yellow River.It started preliminary operation in Nov.1998 and normal operation since the end of 2001.During the 10-year operation,the mean annual rate of 52% sediment is transported to the settling basin,which realized the purpose of long distant transporting sediment by the canal.This paper first introduced the construction and operation of the project of the Xiaokaihe irrigation district and the distribution characteristic of water and sediment during the 10-year operation.The paper then analyzed the mechanism of long distant transporting sediment from the aspects of the canal characteristic and the rule of erosion and deposition in the main canal.Finally,a new concept of equilibrium deposition quantity on the bed of the main canal and the quasi-equilibrium condition of flow and sediment were proposed.